This paper covers six interrelated issues in formative assessment (aka,'assessment for
learning'). The issues concern the definition of formative assessment, the claims commonly …

The current educational reform policy discourse takes for granted the central role of using
data to improve instruction. Yet whether and how data inform instruction depends on …

The preceding articles in this issue describe a diverse range of projects which had in
common the aim of implementing or improving the practice of formative assessment, and …

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of formative assessment practices on
students' academic achievement, attitudes toward lessons, and self-regulation skills in the …

Research evidence indicates that formative assessment is one of the most effective ways of
enhancing student learning. It is, however, difficult to implement successfully, principally …

In response to the existing accountability movement in the United States, a plethora of
educational policies and standards have emerged at various levels to promote teacher …

Classroom assessment has become a cornerstone of today's standards-based system of
education. However, recent policy developments, professional standards, and variable …

This paper describes some of the findings of a project which set out to explore and develop
teachers' understanding and practices in their summative assessments. The focus was on …

Learning progressions, or sequences of how ideas and practices develop within domains,
are increasingly a focus of science education research. Recently, researchers have called …

Within the current accountability context of education in the United States and Canada, there
is a clear need to educate teachers on effectively using assessments to support, measure …