Hyperactivity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and increased levels of
glucocorticoid hormones in patients with depression have mostly been ascribed to impaired …

Stress is defined as a state of perturbed homeostasis following endangerment that evokes
manifold adaptive reactions, which are summarized as the stress response. In the case of …

Stress and glucocorticoid hormones regulate hippocampal neurogenesis, but the molecular
mechanisms underlying their effects are unknown. We, therefore, investigated the molecular …

The purpose of this study was to assess olfactory function and olfactory bulb volume in
patients with acute major depression in comparison to a normal population. Twenty-one …

Microglia cells are the major orchestrator of the brain inflammatory response. As such, they
are traditionally studied in various contexts of trauma, injury, and disease, where they are …

Altered neurogenesis is suggested to be involved in the onset of brain diseases, including
mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurotrophic factors are well known for …

Psychiatric disorders continue to be among the most challenging disorders to diagnose and
treat because there is no single genetic or anatomical locus that is causative for the disease …

Major depression is thought to originate from the interaction between susceptibility genes
and adverse environmental events, in particular stress. The hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has multiple roles in the central nervous system
(CNS), including maintaining cell survival and regulation of synaptic function. In CNS …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder with increasing prevalence
worldwide. It is a leading cause of disability and suicide, severely affecting physical and …