Honeybees contradict the notion that insect behaviour tends to be relatively inflexible and
stereotypical. Indeed, they live in colonies and exhibit complex social, navigational and …

The honeybee Apis mellifera is an important pollinator in both undisturbed and agricultural
ecosystems. Its great versatility as an experimental model makes it an excellent proxy to …

Honeybees are highly social insects with a rich behavioral repertoire and are a versatile
model for neurobiological research. Their gut microbiota comprises a limited number of host …

A new theory about the origins of consciousness that finds learning to be the driving force in
the evolutionary transition to basic consciousness. What marked the evolutionary transition …

Social bees harbor a simple and specialized microbiota that is spatially organized into
different gut compartments. Recent results on the potential involvement of bee gut …

Three neonicotinoids, imidacloprid, clothianidin and thiacloprid, agonists of the nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor in the central brain of insects, were applied at non-lethal doses in …

The gut microbiota influences animal neurodevelopment and behaviour but has not
previously been documented to affect group-level properties of social organisms. Here, we …

Background The honey bee is an important model system for increasing understanding of
molecular and neural mechanisms underlying social behaviors relevant to the agricultural …

The minimal state of consciousness is sentience. This includes any phenomenal sensory
experience–exteroceptive, such as vision and olfaction; interoceptive, such as pain and …

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology,
because genetic manipulation and breeding in the laboratory are easy. The circadian clock …