Heavy metal-induced cellular and organismal toxicity have become a major health concern
in biomedical science. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals in different sectors, such as …

MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological
processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction
pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we …

Fatty acids (FAs) are essential nutrients, but how they are transported into cells remains
unclear. Here, we show that FAs trigger caveolae-dependent CD36 internalization, which in …

Cellular iron, at the physiological level, is essential to maintain several metabolic pathways,
while an excess of free iron may cause oxidative damage and/or provoke cell death …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by systemic synovitis leading to joint destruction
in which imbalances in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines promote the …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is the primary regulatory
module of various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress …

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), with its members JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, is a
subfamily of (MAPK) mitogen-activated protein kinases. JNK signaling regulates a wide …

Jun N-terminal kinases or JNKs have been shown to be involved in a wide array of signaling
events underlying tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Through its interaction with a …

The bioactive ingredients in commonly consumed foods include, but are not limited to,
prebiotics, prebiotic‐like components, probiotics, and postbiotics. The bioactive ingredients …