Snake venoms are heterogeneous mixtures of proteins and peptides used for prey
subjugation. With modern proteomics there has been a rapid expansion in our knowledge of …

Snake venoms represent a danger to human health, but also a gold mine of bioactive
proteins that can be harnessed for drug discovery purposes. The evolution of snakes and …

Venom is a complex trait with substantial inter-and intraspecific variability resulting from
strong selective pressures acting on the expression of many toxic proteins. However …

The origin of snake venom involved duplication and recruitment of non-venom genes into
venom systems. Several studies have predicted that directional positive selection has …

Understanding snake venom proteomes is becoming increasingly important to understand
snake venom biology, evolution and especially clinical effects of venoms and approaches to …

European vipers (genus Vipera) are medically important snakes displaying considerable
venom variation, occurring at different levels in this group. The presence of intraspecific …

Understanding the joint roles of protein sequence variation and differential expression
during adaptive evolution is a fundamental, yet largely unrealized goal of evolutionary …

The specificity and potency of venom components give them a unique advantage in
developing various pharmaceutical drugs. Though venom is a cocktail of proteins, rarely are …

Snake venom composition varies at different levels. To date, comparative venom studies
have seldom taken into account the role of habitat type in the occurrence of snake venom …

Traits for prey acquisition form the phenotypic interface of predator–prey interactions. In
venomous predators, morphological variation in venom delivery apparatus like fangs and …