Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NOD-like receptors or NLRs) are
key members of the immune system that act as intracellular sentinels. These pathogen …

Polyploidy or whole-genome duplication (WGD) is a major event that drastically reshapes
genome architecture and is often assumed to be causally associated with organismal …

Homeostatic control and reproductive functions of humans are regulated at the molecular
levels largely by peptide hormones secreted from endocrine and/or neuroendocrine cells in …

Whole genome duplication (WGD) is a dramatic evolutionary event generating many new
genes and which may play a role in survival through mass extinctions. Paddlefish and …

The absence of germinal centers (GCs) in cartilaginous fishes lies at odds with data showing
that nurse sharks can produce robust antigen-specific responses and affinity mature their B …

Background Cleaning symbioses are captivating interspecific interactions in which a cleaner
fish removes ectoparasites from its client, contributing to the health and diversity of natural …

Genomic studies of vertebrate chromosome evolution have long been hindered by the
scarcity of chromosome-scale DNA sequences of some key taxa. One of those limiting taxa …

Despite increasing threats of extinction to Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays), whole genome-
based conservation insights are lacking. Here, we present chromosome-level genome …

Spermatogenesis is a highly specialized process of cell proliferation and differentiation
leading to the production of spermatozoa from spermatogonial stem cells. Due to its …

Cytokines of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF) control many immunological processes and are
implicated in the etiology of many immune disorders and diseases. Despite their obvious …