Depression represents the number one cause of disability worldwide and is often fatal.
Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is …

Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system have been described
mostly in the context of diseases. More recent studies have begun to reveal how certain …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a critical role in generating cellular energy in the form of
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Because energy requirements are substantially …

Because of the compartmentalization of disciplines that shaped the academic landscape of
biology and biomedical sciences in the past, physiological systems have long been studied …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which mainly includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's
disease (CD), is a group of chronic bowel diseases that are characterized by abdominal …

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high
medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological …

Despite decades of intensive research, the biological mechanisms that causally underlie
depression are still unclear, and therefore the development of novel effective antidepressant …

We assessed the gut microbiota of 90 American young adults, comparing 43 participants
with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 47 healthy controls, and found that the MDD …

Alcohol dependence has traditionally been considered a brain disorder. Alteration in the
composition of the gut microbiota has recently been shown to be present in psychiatric …

Mood disorders have been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the
leading cause of disability worldwide. Notwithstanding the established efficacy of …