Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a severe illness worldwide. Currently, the
top ten causes of death in the world include ischemic heart disease according to the Global …

Abstract Background Introduction of Bare Metal Stents (BMS) was itself a revolutionary step
in the history of the medical industry; however, Drug Eluting Stents (DES) maintained its …

Thrombosis associated with medical devices may lead to dramatic increases in morbidity,
mortality and increased health care costs. Innovative strategies are being developed to …

Bioresorbable stents (BRS) are conceived to retain sufficient radial strength after
implantation while releasing an antiproliferative drug in order to prevent vessel restenosis …

Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) combines arterial coronary artery bypass surgery
(most commonly minimally invasive) and percutaneous coronary intervention in the …

Drug-eluting stents (DESs) are commonly used for the treatment of coronary artery disease.
The evolution of the drug-eluting layer on the surface of the metal stent plays an important …

The introduction of intracoronary stents represented a major advance in interventional
cardiology. While bare metal stents set the benchmark for improved safety over angioplasty …

The most commonly used metal alloys for manufacturing coronary artery stents platforms are
316 L stainless steel, cobalt‐chromium, tantalum, and titanium alloys. Cobalt‐based alloys …

Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been shown to significantly reduce clinical and angiographic
restenosis compared to bare metal stents (BMS). The polymer coatings on DES elute …

Coronary stents represent a key development for the treatment of obstructive coronary artery
disease since the introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention. While drug-eluting …