Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is based on spontaneous
fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, which occur simultaneously …

The recent advancement of simultaneous multi-slice imaging using multiband excitation has
dramatically reduced the scan time of the brain. The evolution of this parallel imaging …

The physiological underpinnings of the necessity of sleep remain uncertain. Recent
evidence suggests that sleep increases the convection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an inherently slow imaging modality, since it acquires
multi-dimensional k-space data through 1-D free induction decay or echo signals. This often …

Current resting-state network analysis often looks for coherent spontaneous BOLD signal
fluctuations at frequencies below 0.1 Hz in a multiple-minutes scan. However hemodynamic …

Low image sampling rates used in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-
fMRI) may cause aliasing of the cardiorespiratory pulsations over the very low frequency …

MR-encephalography allows the observation of functional signal in the brain at a frequency
of 10Hz, permitting filtering of physiological “noise” and the detection of single event …

Interactions between brain regions have been recognized as a critical ingredient required to
understand brain function. Two modes of interactions have held prominence …

Resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (R-fNIRS) is an active area of interest
and is currently attracting considerable attention as a new imaging tool for the study of …

Background Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by daytime sleep
attacks, cataplexy, and fragmented sleep. The disease is hypothesized to arise from …