During embryonic development, tissues undergo major rearrangements that lead to germ
layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis. Often these morphogenetic …

Signaling by the Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins plays important roles in embryonic
development and adult homeostasis. Wnt signaling is modulated by a number of …

The Wnt signaling pathway is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved pathway that
regulates crucial aspects of cell fate determination, cell migration, cell polarity, neural …

The adult skeleton regenerates by temporary cellular structures that comprise teams of
juxtaposed osteoclasts and osteoblasts and replace periodically old bone with new. A …

Wnt signaling transduces evolutionarily conserved pathways which play important roles in
initiating and regulating a diverse range of cellular activities, including cell proliferation …

The Spemann organizer in amphibian embryos is a tissue with potent head-inducing activity,
the molecular nature of which is unresolved. Here we describe dickkopf-1 (dkk-1), which …

The extracellular antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway can be divided into two broad
classes. Both classes of molecule prevent ligand-receptor interactions, but by different …

The transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) family of hormonally active polypeptides have
attracted much attention because of their ability to control cellular functions that underwrite …

Wnt glycoproteins have been implicated in diverse processes during embryonic patterning
in metazoa. They signal through frizzled-type seven-transmembrane-domain receptors to …

Skeletal homeostasis is determined by systemic hormones and local factors. Bone
morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique because they induce the differentiation of …