The global emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a growing threat to
antibiotic therapy. The chromosomally encoded drug efflux mechanisms that are ubiquitous …

AmpC β-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the
chromosomes of many of the Enterobacteriaceae and a few other organisms, where they …

The genus Legionella contains more than 50 species, of which at least 24 have been
associated with human infection. The best-characterized member of the genus, Legionella …

The pathogenesis of Legionella pneumophila is derived from its growth within lung
macrophages after aerosols are inhaled from contaminated water sources. Interest in this …

Water is the major natural reservoir for legionellae, and the bacteria are found worldwide in
many different natural and artificial aquatic environments, such as cooling towers, water …

Macrophages and protozoa ingest bacteria by phagocytosis and destroy these microbes
using a conserved pathway that mediates fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes. To …

Polyamines are polycationic molecules with a hydrocarbon backbone and multiple amino
groups. Descriptions of the physiological roles of polyamines have often been limited to their …

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious aerosolizable intracellular pathogen that is
capable of causing a debilitating or fatal disease with doses as low as 25 colony-forming …

Even before the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, the perception of evolutionary
change has been a tree-like pattern of diversification-with divergent branches spreading …

Macrophages from C57BL/6J (B6) mice restrict growth of the intracellular bacterial pathogen
Legionella pneumophila. Restriction of bacterial growth requires caspase-1 and the leucine …