It is widely believed that the Sahara desert is no more than∼ 2–3 million years (Myr) old,
with geological evidence showing a remarkable aridification of north Africa at the onset of …

Earth's hydrological cycle is expected to intensify in response to global warming, with a “wet‐
gets‐wetter, dry‐gets‐drier” response anticipated over the ocean. Subtropical regions (∼ …

Bipedal locomotion is one of the key adaptations that define the hominin clade. Evidence of
bipedalism is known from postcranial remains of late Miocene hominins as early as 6 million …

Despite tectonic conditions and atmospheric CO 2 levels (pCO 2) similar to those of present-
day, geological reconstructions from the mid-Pliocene (3.3-3.0 Ma) document high lake …

It was first suggested in 1864 that a very large post-Miocene lake once occupied the Sudan
Basin, centered on the Sudd—a nearly impenetrable papyrus swamp along the River Nile. If …

This paper presents an overview of some of the most significant, recent to ancient, littoral
morpho-sedimentary structures and deposits from the Lake Turkana Basin. We highlight the …

Extreme global warming can produce hydroclimate changes that remain poorly understood
for sub-tropical latitudes. Late Palaeocene-early Eocene (LPEE;~ 58-52 Ma) proto …

The concentrations of atmospheric cosmogenic 10Be normalized to the solubilized fraction
of its stable isotope 9Be have been measured in the authigenic phase leached from silicated …

The global distribution of late Pliocene soils and lakes has been reconstructed using a
synthesis of geological data. These reconstructions are then used as boundary conditions …

Background Many environmental phenomena which occur in landscapes and agricultural
and ecological structures present heterogeneous properties changing in space and time at …