Continued vigilance will be essential to lessen the effects of air pollution on human health
and pulmonary disease. Cooperation at a multinational level will be required on the part of …

Background: It is well known that air pollution causes respiratory morbidity and mortality by
inducing airway inflammation. However, whether long-term exposure to air pollution is …

Ambient air pollution increases the risk of respiratory mortality, but evidence for impacts on
lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is less well established …

Background: Cohort studies in North America and western Europe have reported increased
risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particles (PM 2.5), but to date, no …

Background Information on the effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter with
an aerodynamic diameter of 2· 5 μm or less (PM 2· 5) on lung health is scarce. We aimed to …

Air pollution is a world public health problem. Particulate matter (PM), a mix of solid and
liquid particles in the air, becomes an increasing concern in the social and economic …

Background Air pollution is hypothesized to be a risk factor for diabetes. Epidemiological
evidence is inconsistent and has not been systematically evaluated. Objectives We …

Objective: Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is estimated to cause millions of
premature deaths annually. This work conveys known routes of exposure to PM and …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disorder with
substantial patient burden and leading cause of death globally. Cigarette smoke remains to …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive disease of the
airways and lung parenchyma that is associated with exposure to tobacco smoke and other …