Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects
more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing …

Chemokines are an indispensable component of our immune system through the regulation
of directional migration and activation of leukocytes. CXCL8 is the most potent human …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complicated degenerative disease that affects whole joint tissue.
Currently, apart from surgical approaches to treat late stage OA, effective treatments to …

Exosomes participate in many physiological and pathological processes by regulating cell–
cell communication, which are involved in numerous diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA) …

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) product, is highly
secreted by the osteoblast lineage in the subchondral bone tissue of osteoarthritis (OA) …

Cartilage and the bordering subchondral bone form a functionally active regulatory interface
with a prominent role in osteoarthritis pathways. The Wnt and the OPG-RANKL-RANK …

Increasing evidence shows that adipokines play a vital role in the development of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a novel adipokine that …

There is emerging awareness that subchondral bone remodeling plays an important role in
the development of osteoarthritis (OA). This review presents recent investigations on the …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease and a significant health concern that needs
to be urgently solved. OA affects the cartilage and entire joint tissues, including the …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Corni Fructus (CF), the red fruit of Cornus
officinalis Siebold & Zucc, has been used both as food and medicinal herb in traditional …