Divalent metal ions are essential components of DNA polymerases both for catalysis of the
nucleotidyl transfer reaction and for base excision. They occupy two sites, A and B, for DNA …

For many years the lactic acid bacteria have been known to display many unconventional
features in their physiology and biochemistry. These include lack of hemes; extensive use of …

Phi 29 DNA polymerase is able to catalyze two different synthetic reactions: protein-primed
initiation and DNA polymerization. We have studied the fidelity of phi 29 DNA polymerase …

Manganese is mutagenic in vivo and in vitro in studies with a variety of enzymes and
templates. Using Escherichia coliDNA polymerase I with poly [d (AT)] and 0X174 DNA …

A novel DNA polymerase has been identified in human cells. Human DNA polymerase mu
(Pol μ), consisting of 494 amino acids, has 41% identity to terminal …

We have solved the complete kinetic mechanism for correct nucleotide incorporation
catalyzed by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from poliovirus, 3Dpol. The phosphoryl …

Positive-strand RNA viruses exist as a quasi-species due to the incorporation of mutations
into the viral genome during replication by the virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA …

The uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (UTase/UR) of Escherichia coli plays an
important role in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation by controlling the uridylylation state …

When crystals of human DNA polymerase β (pol β) complexed with DNA [Pelletier, H.,
Sawaya, MR, Wolfle, W., Wilson, SH, & Kraut, J.(1996) Biochemistry 35, 12742− 12761] are …

Modern life requires many different metal ions, which enable diverse biochemical functions.
It is commonly assumed that metal ions' environmental availabilities controlled the evolution …