The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

The rapid increase of carbon dioxide concentration in Earth's modern atmosphere is a
matter of major concern. But for the atmosphere of roughly two-and-half billion years ago …

Geological evidence indicates that grounded ice sheets reached sea level at all latitudes
during two long-lived Cryogenian (58 and≥ 5 My) glaciations. Combined uranium-lead and …

The ancestors of cyanobacteria generated Earth's first biogenic molecular oxygen, but how
they dealt with oxidative stress remains unconstrained. Here we investigate when …

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all life on Earth and it acts as a major control on
biological productivity in the modern ocean. Accurate reconstructions of the evolution of life …

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of
1,407 sedimentary (diagenetic and syngenetic) pyrites from 45 carbonaceous shale and …

A geologically rapid Neoproterozoic oxygenation event is commonly linked to the
appearance of marine animal groups in the fossil record. However, there is still debate about …

Sedimentary pyrite formed in the water column, or during diagenesis in organic muds,
provides an accessible proxy for seawater chemistry in the marine rock record. Except for …

The ocean‐atmosphere system is typically envisioned to have gone through a unidirectional
oxygenation with significant oxygen increases in the earliest (ca. 635 Ma), middle (ca. 580 …

The early diversification of animals (∼ 630 Ma), and their development into both motile and
macroscopic forms (∼ 575–565 Ma), has been linked to stepwise increases in the …