Alcohol readily crosses the placenta and may disrupt fetal development. Harm from prenatal
alcohol exposure (PAE) is determined by the dose, pattern, timing and duration of exposure …

Alcohol is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs globally. Hazardous
drinking, defined by quantity and frequency of consumption, is associated with acute and …

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) encompasses the range of deleterious outcomes of
prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the affected offspring, including developmental delay …

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure
(PAE). The etiology of the complex FASD phenotype with growth deficit, birth defects, and …

Background Complex diseases often present as a diagnosis riddle, further complicated by
the combination of multiple phenotypes and diseases as features of other diseases. With the …

Background: As clinicians strive to achieve consensus worldwide on how best to diagnose
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), the most recent FASD diagnostic systems show …

Abstract Interpretation and response to behaviour is predicated on understanding. However,
our present understanding of aggressive behaviour, especially for complex and vulnerable …

A hallmark of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is neurobehavioral deficits that still do
not have effective treatment. Here, we present that reduction of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is …

Craniofacial anomalies often exhibit phenotype variability and non-mendelian inheritance
due to their multifactorial origin, involving both genetic and environmental factors. A …

Addictive behaviors, such as substance misuse, gambling, and internet gaming, and their
attendant problems are associated with significant difficulties for individuals, families …