Polyelectrolyte has wide applications in biomedicine, agriculture and soft robotics. However,
it is among one of the least understood physical systems because of the complex interplay of …

Multivalent ions in solutions with polyelectrolytes (PEs) induce electrostatic correlations that
can drastically change ion distributions around the PEs and their mutual interactions. Using …

When ions are crowded, the effect of steric repulsion between ions (which can produce
oscillations in charge density profiles) becomes significant and the conventional Poisson …

The classical density functional theory, combined with a fundamental measure functional
and a second order functional perturbation truncation, is employed to study effective …

We calculate exactly the electrostatic interaction energy between two coaxial parallel
uniformly charged infinitely thin disks. For the sake of generality, it is assumed that the disks …

Charged lipids in cell membranes and subcellular organelles are arranged in the form of a
bilayer with the hydrocarbon tails sequestered away from the water and the polar head …

The structure of the electric double layer has long been described by the classical Poisson–
Boltzmann (PB) theory, in which a uniform dielectric coefficient is often assumed …

When ions are crowded, the effect of steric repulsion between ions becomes significant and
the conventional Poisson--Boltzmann (PB) equation (without steric effect) should be …

Formulas for interaction forces F (s) and the free energy G (s) between two parallel charged
prismatic rods of various scaled values of d, ψs, and L in skewed configurations are …

By solving the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) equation with a finite element method
(FEM), three-dimensional (3D) spatial distributions of the electric potential (ψ, scaled) in …