Intercellular tight junctions represent a formidable barrier against paracellular drug
absorption at epithelia (eg, nasal, intestinal) and the endothelium (eg, blood–brain barrier) …

Negatively charged tissues are ubiquitous in the human body and are associated with a
number of common diseases yet remain an outstanding challenge for targeted drug delivery …

Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug
delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either …

The selective infiltration of cell membranes and tissue barriers often blocks the entry of most
active molecules. This natural defense mechanism prevents the invasion of exogenous …

Oral administration is the preferred route of drug delivery in clinical practice due to its
noninvasiveness, safety, convenience, and high patient compliance. The gastrointestinal …

The negative surface charge of brain microvessel endothelial cells is derived from the
special composition of their membrane lipids and the thick endothelial surface glycocalyx …

ABSTRACT Introduction Intestinal permeation enhancers (PEs) are substances that
transiently alter the intestinal epithelial barrier to facilitate permeation of macromolecules …

The brain insulin metabolism alteration has been addressed as a pathophysiological factor
underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin can be beneficial in AD, but its macro …

As biologics used in the clinic outpace the number of new small molecule drugs, an
important challenge for their efficacy and widespread use has emerged, namely tissue …

Recently, two oral-administered peptide pharmaceuticals, semaglutide and octreotide, have
been developed and are considered as a breakthrough in peptide and protein drug delivery …