Over the modern satellite era, substantial climatic changes have been observed in the
Antarctic, including atmospheric and oceanic warming, ice sheet thinning and a general …

We revisit the challenges and prospects for ocean circulation models following Griffies et al..
Over the past decade, ocean circulation models evolved through improved understanding …

The Antarctic ice sheet has been losing mass over past decades through the accelerated
flow of its glaciers, conditioned by ocean temperature and bed topography. Glaciers …

Ice flow models of the Antarctic ice sheet are commonly used to simulate its future evolution
in response to different climate scenarios and inform on the mass loss that would contribute …

Government policies currently commit us to surface warming of three to four degrees Celsius
above pre-industrial levels by 2100, which will lead to enhanced ice-sheet melt. Ice-sheet …

Thwaites Glacier represents 15% of the ice discharge from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and
influences a wider catchment,–. Because it is grounded below sea level,, Thwaites Glacier is …

Since 1992, there has been a revolution in our ability to quantify the land ice contribution to
sea level rise using a variety of satellite missions and technologies. Each mission has …

Even if anthropogenic warming were constrained to less than 2° C above pre-industrial, the
Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets will continue to lose mass this century, with rates similar …

We present two narratives on the future of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, from the
perspective of an observer looking back from 2070. In the first scenario, greenhouse gas …

The Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing mass at an accelerating pace, and ice loss will likely
continue over the coming decades and centuries. Some regions of the ice sheet may reach …