Air-transmitted pathogens may cause severe epidemics, posing considerable threats to
public health and safety. Wearing a face mask is one of the most effective ways to prevent …

Living viruses characterized by distinctive biological functions including specific targeting,
gene invasion, immune modulation, and so forth have been receiving intensive attention …

Respiratory viruses, carried through airborne microdroplets, frequently adhere to surfaces,
including plastics and metals. However, our understanding of the interactions between …

Zika virus (ZIKV; family, Flaviviridae), which causes congenital Zika syndrome, Guillain-
Barré Syndrome, and other severe diseases, is transmitted mainly by mosquitoes; however …

An accurate force calculation with the Poisson–Boltzmann equation is challenging, as it
requires the electric field on the molecular surface. Here we present a calculation of the …

Phage contamination is one of the significant problems in the food fermentation industry,
which eventually causes economic losses to the industry. Here, we investigated the viability …

Respiratory viruses, carried through airborne microdroplets, frequently adhere to surfaces,
including plastics and metals. However, our understanding of the interactions between …

RNA is a functionally rich biomolecule with multiple hierarchical structures that emerge from
phenomena occurring at different temporal and spatial scales. Multiscale simulations of …