Patterned, spontaneous activity occurs in many developing neural circuits, including the
retina, the cochlea, the spinal cord, the cerebellum and the hippocampus, where it provides …

The remarkable collective action of organisms such as swarming ants, schooling fish and
flocking birds has long captivated the attention of artists, naturalists, philosophers and …

Mammalian retinal degenerations initiated by gene defects in rods, cones or the retinal
pigmented epithelium (RPE) often trigger loss of the sensory retina, effectively leaving the …

At specific stages of development, nerve and muscle cells generate spontaneous electrical
activity that is required for normal maturation of intrinsic excitability and synaptic connectivity …

Biological structures can be seen as collections of special devices coordinated by a matrix of
organization. Devices are dif? cult to evolve and are meticulously conserved through the …

A necessary consequence of the nature of neural transmission systems is that as change in
the physical state of a time-varying event takes place, delays produce error between the …

A characteristic feature of sensory circuits is the existence of orderly connections that
represent maps of sensory space. A major research focus in developmental neurobiology is …

In this review, we summarize the main stages of structural and functional development of
retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We first consider the various mechanisms that are involved in …

Complex neural circuits in the mammalian brain develop through a combination of genetic
instruction and activity-dependent refinement. The relative role of these factors and the form …

Patterned spontaneous activity in the developing retina is necessary to drive synaptic
refinement in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Using perforated patch recordings from …