The relationship between disease and good health has received relatively little attention in
mental health. Resilience can be viewed as a defence mechanism, which enables people to …

Globally, human immunodeficiency virus–type 1 (HIV-1) is extraordinarily variable, and this
diversity poses a major obstacle to AIDS vaccine development. Currently, candidate …

Evolutionary modelling studies indicate less than a century has passed since the most
recent common ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains and, in that time frame, an …

Genetic resistance to infectious diseases is likely to involve a complex array of immune-
response and other genes with variants that impose subtle but significant consequences on …

Antigen-specific T cell immunity is HLA-restricted. Human immunodeficiency virus–type 1
(HIV-1) mutations that allow escape from host immune responses may therefore be HLA …

The cellular immune response to the human immunodeficiency virus, mediated by T
lymphocytes, seems strong but fails to control the infection completely. In most virus …

The most up-to-date estimates demonstrate very heterogeneous spread of HIV-1, and more
than 30 million people are now living with HIV-1 infection, most of them in sub-Saharan …

The threat of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans remains a global health concern.
Current influenza vaccines stimulate antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins …

Background An objective of the first efficacy trial of a candidate vaccine containing
recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 envelope glycoprotein 120 …

The field of vaccinology began in ignorance of how protection was instilled in vaccine
recipients. Today, a greater knowledge of immunology allows us to better understand what …