The loss of a limb or paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury has devastating
consequences on quality of life. One approach to restoring lost sensory and motor abilities in …

Neural interfaces with sophisticated stimulation paradigms create a user's perception of
his/her hand to touch and manipulate objects. The pattern of intensity and frequency of …

Objective. The goal of this study is to characterize the phenomenon of evoked tactile
sensation (ETS) on the stump skin of forearm amputees using transcutaneous electrical …

The classical view of somatosensory processing holds that proprioceptive and cutaneous
inputs are conveyed to cortex through segregated channels, initially synapsing in modality …

For those individuals with upper-extremity amputation, a daily normal living activity is no
longer possible or it requires additional effort and time. With the aim of restoring their …

Control of reaching movements requires an accurate estimate of the state of the limb, yet
sensory signals are inherently noisy, because of both noise at the receptors themselves and …

Starting with the work of Cajal more than 100 years ago, neuroscience has sought to
understand how the cells of the brain give rise to cognitive functions. How far has …

Proprioception, the sense of body position, movement, and associated forces, remains
poorly understood, despite its critical role in movement. Most studies of area 2, a …

Artificial activation of the nervous system requires selection of appropriate stimulation
parameters including stimulation amplitude, stimulation pulse duration, and stimulation …

Objective. Persons with tetraplegia can use brain-machine interfaces to make visually
guided reaches with robotic arms. Without somatosensory feedback, these movements will …