The two β-arrestins, β-arrestin-1 and-2 (systematic names: arrestin-2 and-3, respectively),
are multifunctional intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of a very large number of …

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) may be the busiest kinase in most cells, with
over 100 known substrates to deal with. How does GSK3 maintain control to selectively …

The visual/β-arrestins, a small family of proteins originally described for their role in the
desensitization and intracellular trafficking of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), have …

Fibroblasts are the most common cell type of the connective tissues found throughout the
body and the principal source of the extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristic of …

The variety of physiological functions controlled by dopamine in the brain and periphery is
mediated by the D 1, D 2, D 3, D 4 and D 5 dopamine GPCRs. Drugs acting on dopamine …

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3) is a highly evolutionarily conserved
serine/threonine protein kinase first identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen …

G protein-coupled dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) mediate all of the
physiological functions of the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine, ranging from …

Modeling of human neuropsychiatric disorders in animals is extremely challenging given the
subjective nature of many symptoms, the lack of biomarkers and objective diagnostic tests …

Elucidating the roles of neuronal cell types for physiology and behavior is essential for
understanding brain functions. Perturbation of neuron electrical activity can be used to probe …

Abstract Seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs; also known as G protein-coupled
receptors) are the largest class of receptors in the human genome and are common targets …