This study aimed to minimize the tumor cell population using minimal medicine for
chemotherapy treatment, while maintaining the effector-immune cell population at a healthy …

In a tumour microenvironment, tumour-associated neutrophils could display two opposing
differential phenotypes: anti-tumour (N1) and pro-tumour (N2) effector cells. Converting N2 …

We consider a discrete-time susceptible-infected-removed-susceptible “again”(SIRS)
epidemic model, and we introduce an optimal control function to seek the best control policy …

In this paper, we attempt to determine the optimal duration of an anti-epidemic control
strategy which targets susceptible people, under the isoperimetric condition that we could …

Urologic studies have reported in several papers that the optimal dose of Bacillus Calmette-
Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy in superficial bladder cancer, is still a subject of research. Our …

In this paper, we have considered competition models describing tumor–normal–immune
cell interaction with the added effects of periodically pulsed chemotherapy. The parametric …

Cancer is one of the most common diseases around the world, which is difficult to treat due
to the versatility and adaptability of cancer cells for facing normal cell death and the …

In this work, an optimal control approach is presented in order to propose an optimal therapy
for the treatment HIV infection using a combination of two appropriate treatment strategies …

One of the major setbacks in BCG immunotherapy of bladder cancer is the action of immune
checkpoints on the immune system. They suppress the activated immune cells from …

In this paper, the performance appropriateness of population-based metaheuristics for
immunotherapy protocols is investigated on a comparative basis while the goal is to …