For several decades there has been accumulating evidence implicating type I interferons
(IFNs) as key elements of the immune response. Therapeutic approaches incorporating …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) break down cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP
and cGMP, reducing the signaling of these important intracellular second messengers …

This study investigates aberrant DNA methylations as potential diagnosis and prognosis
markers for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC), which if diagnosed at advanced …

Abstract Development of colorectal cancer (CRC) involves activation of Kirsten rat sarcoma
viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of …

Introduction Bladder cancer (BLCA) affects millions of people worldwide, with high rates of
incidence and mortality. Ferroptosis proves to be a novel form of cell death process that is …

Over the years, tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) has been identified as an essential
modulator of immune responses that conveys inflammatory signals to downstream effectors …

The role of cAMP in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial
and the biological function of cAMP-hydrolysing enzyme phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) in …

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a systemic therapy for advanced prostate cancer
(PCa). Although most patients initially respond to ADT, almost all cancers eventually …

Background. Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a malignant cancer spreading worldwide and in
the fourth position among all other types of cancer in women. The purpose of this paper is to …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a critical role in tumor
development and immunotherapy. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to …