The widespread occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) has led to a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The S spike protein …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key player in the control of the cardiovascular
system and hydroelectrolyte balance, with an influence on organs and functions throughout …

Discovered more than 30 years ago, the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) has evolved from
a binding site with unknown function to a firmly established major effector within the …

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is undisputedly one of the most prominent endocrine
(tissue-to-tissue), paracrine (cell-to-cell) and intracrine (intracellular/nuclear) vasoactive …

In its classical view, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) was defined as an endocrine
system involved in blood pressure regulation and body electrolyte balance. However, the …

Thirty years ago, a novel axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was unveiled by the
discovery of angiotensin-(1− 7)[ANG-(1− 7)] generation in vivo. Later, angiotensin …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) was initially considered to be part of the endocrine
system regulating water and electrolyte balance, systemic vascular resistance, blood …

Microglia can transform into proinflammatory/classically activated (M1) or anti-inflammatory/
alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes following environmental signals related to …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a key component of cardiovascular physiology and
homeostasis due to its influence on the regulation of electrolyte balance, blood pressure …

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart attack, produce atherosclerosis (hardening of the
arteries), congestive heart failure, stroke, kidney infection, blindness, end-stage renal …