The fertility and survival of an individual rely on the ability of the periphery to promptly,
effectively, and reproducibly communicate with brain neural networks that control …

Communication between the periphery and the brain is key for maintaining energy
homeostasis. To do so, peripheral signals from the circulation reach the brain via the …

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a protein highly synthesized in the liver that exerts
paracrine and endocrine control of many aspects of energy homeostasis in multiple tissues …

Hypothalamic tanycytes are chemosensitive glial cells that contact the cerebrospinal fluid in
the third ventricle and send processes into the hypothalamic parenchyma. To test whether …

The development of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus has been studied using a variety of
neuroanatomical and molecular techniques. Here, the major findings that mold our …

Seasonal changes in food intake and adiposity in many animal species are triggered by
changes in the photoperiod. These latter changes are faithfully transduced into a …

Objective Bile acids have been implicated as important regulators of glucose metabolism via
activation of FXR and GPBAR1. We have previously shown that FGF19 can modulate …

While fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 is expressed in multiple tissues, only adipose-derived
and brain FGF1 have been implicated in the regulation of metabolism. Adipose FGF1 …

In vertebrates, the energy balance process is tightly controlled by complex neural circuits
that sense metabolic signals and adjust food intake and energy expenditure in line with the …

Along with the sub-ventricular zone of the forebrain lateral ventricles and the sub-granular
zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus, the hypothalamus has recently emerged as a …