The role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) takes center stage among unanswered questions in
modern neuroscience. The PFC has a Janus-faced nature: it enables sophisticated cognitive …

There have been a number of advances in the search for the neural correlates of
consciousness—the minimum neural mechanisms sufficient for any one specific conscious …

A thought-provoking argument that consciousness—more widespread than previously
assumed—is the feeling of being alive, not a type of computation or a clever hack In The …

The widely used electroencephalogram-based indices for depth-of-anesthesia monitoring
assume that the same index value defines the same level of unconsciousness for all …

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) required for cardiac surgery presents unique challenges to
the cardiac anesthesiologist responsible for providing the 3 most basic facets of any …

Despite advances in cardiac surgery and anesthesia, the rates of brain injury remain high in
aortic arch surgery requiring circulatory arrest. The mechanisms of brain injury, including …

As increasing numbers of elderly people undergo cardiac surgery, neurologists are
frequently called upon to assess patients with neurological complications from the …

Maintaining brain function and integrity is a pivotal part of anesthesiological practice. The
present overview aims to describe the current role of the 2 most frequently used monitoring …

Although the brain is the target organ of general anaesthesia, the utility of intra‐operative
brain monitoring remains controversial. Ideally, the incorporation of brain monitoring into …

Background Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring has been used as an objective measurement
tool for sedation depth and has been proposed as a guidance to reduce the risk of …