The oral or pharyngeal apparatus facilitates the dual functions of respiration and feeding. It
develops during embryogenesis from transient structures called pharyngeal arches (PAs) …

Simple Summary DLX homeobox family genes encode transcription factors that have
indispensable roles in embryonic and postnatal development. These genes are critically …

Background Evolutionarily conserved sequences within or adjoining orthologous genes
often serve as critical cis-regulatory regions. Recent studies have identified long, non-coding …

Recent studies of the genome architecture of vertebrates have uncovered two unforeseen
aspects of its organization. First, large regions of the genome, called gene deserts, are …

Dlx homeobox transcription factors regulate epidermal, neural and osteogenic cellular
differentiation. Here, we demonstrate the central role of Dlx3 as a crucial transcriptional …

The ventrally expressed secreted polypeptide endothelin1 (Edn1) patterns the skeleton
derived from the first two pharyngeal arches into dorsal, intermediate and ventral domains …

The Dlx homeobox gene family is of ancient origin and crucial for embryonic development in
invertebrates and vertebrates. The Dlx proteins are thought to function as DNA‐binding …

Mef2 genes encode highly conserved transcription factors involved in somitic and cardiac
mesoderm development in diverse bilaterians. Vertebrates have multiple mef2 genes. In …

Homeobox genes comprise a super-family of evolutionarily conserved genes that play
essential roles in controlling body plan specification and cell fate determination. Substantial …

Tooth development is a complex process including successive stages of initiation,
morphogenesis, and histogenesis. The role of the Dlx family of homeobox genes during the …