Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric
and substance use disorders in adulthood. This is in part due to the fact that critical aspects …

Microglia are widely known for their role in immune surveillance and for their ability to refine
neurocircuitry during development, but a growing body of evidence suggests that microglia …

Rationale Adolescent exposure to∆ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychotropic
constituent of cannabis, might affect brain development, and in rodent models leads to long …

Introduction Although there has been a decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking,
exposure to nicotine during pregnancy remains a substantial problem worldwide. Further …

Rationale Use of electronic drug delivery systems (EDDS,“e-cigarettes”) to ingest nicotine
and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has surged in adolescents in the USA; five times as …

Introduction There has been a resurgence in nicotine inhalation in adolescents due to the
popularity and availability of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). Almost five times …

Since their introduction in the United States and Europe in 2007, electronic cigarettes (E-
Cigs) have become increasingly popular among smokers. Nicotine, a key component in both …

Nicotine, the main psychoactive component in tobacco smoke, plays a major role in tobacco
addiction, producing a high morbidity and mortality in the world. A great amount of research …

The cholinergic system plays a crucial role in nervous system function with important effects
on developmental processes, cognition, attention, motivation, reward, learning, and memory …

NIDA's Avenir Program in the Genetics or Epigenetics of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs)
was launched to support early stage investigators who propose innovative, high risk, but …