Müller cells are active players in normal retinal function and in virtually all forms of retinal
injury and disease. Reactive Müller cells protect the tissue from further damage and …

Purinergic receptors, represented by several families, are arguably the most abundant
receptors in living organisms and appeared early in evolution. After slow acceptance …

Müller glial cells ensheath all retinal neurons in vertebrate retinae. There are a multitude of
functional interactions between neurons and Müller cells, including delivery of the light …

We consider the impact of purinergic signaling on the physiology of the special senses of
vision, smell, taste and hearing. Purines (particularly ATP and adenosine) act as …

Abstract ATP (adenosine 5′-triphosphate), one of the most ancient neurotransmitters,
exerts essential functions in the brain, including neurotransmission and modulation of …

Extracellular purines and pyrimidines play major roles during embryogenesis,
organogenesis, postnatal development and ageing in vertebrates, including humans …

Extracellular purine and pyrimidine compounds induce a multiplicity of cellular signal
pathways that can induce multiple trophic functions. They interact with other low molecular …

There has been tremendous progress in understanding neural stem cell (NSC) biology, with
genetic and cell biological methods identifying sequential gene expression and molecular …

Extracellular purines are signaling molecules in the neurogenic niches of the brain and
spinal cord, where they activate cell surface purinoceptors at embryonic neural stem cells …

In adult mammalian brains, neural stem cells (NSCs) exist in the subventricular zone (SVZ),
where persistent neurogenesis continues throughout life. Those NSCs produce neuroblasts …