Substance use disorders are a group of diseases that are associated with social,
professional, and family impairment and that represent a high socio-economic impact on the …

Morphine as an opioid is an important drug in the treatment of moderate to severe pain.
Several stress factors via generation of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress (OS) are …

The effectiveness of available neuropsychiatric drugs in the era of an increasing number of
patients is not sufficient, and the complexity of neuropsychiatric disease entities that are …

Background: Venlafaxine has been demonstrated to treat diseases such as social anxiety
disorder and depression. Most of antidepressants including venlafaxine have a certain …

(1) Background: Recent data indicate that receptors for GLP-1 peptide are involved in the
activity of the mesolimbic system. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the …

There is significant comorbidity of opioid use disorder (OUD) and post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) in clinical populations. However, the neurobiological mechanisms …

We examined whether co-injections of the cell-permeant D-cysteine analogues, D-cysteine
ethyl ester (D-CYSee) and D-cysteine ethyl amide (D-CYSea), prevent acquisition of …

The molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of addiction/dependence on
morphine may result from the ability of the opioid to diminish the transport of L-cysteine into …

Converging evidence suggests opioid abuse can increase the incidence and severity of post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in clinical populations. Interestingly, opioid withdrawal …

We have reported that D, L-thiol esters, including D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee), are
effective at overcoming opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) in rats. Our on-going …