Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical
attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials …

Dopamine (DA) is a critical neuromodulator involved in various brain functions. To
understand how DA regulates neural circuits and behaviors in the physiological and …

Genetically encoded fluorescent calcium indicators allow cellular-resolution recording of
physiology. However, bright, genetically targetable indicators that can be multiplexed with …

Blood coagulation is a critical defense mechanism against bleeding that results in the
conversion of liquid blood into a solid clot through a complicated cascade, which involves …

Genetically-encoded dopamine (DA) sensors enable high-resolution imaging of DA release,
but their ability to detect a wide range of extracellular DA levels, especially tonic versus …

Cholinesterase enzymes are involved in a wide range of bodily functions, and their
disruption is linked to pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. While …

The molecules released by cells are a fingerprint of their current state. Methods that
measure them with high spatial and temporal resolution may provide valuable insights into …

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with adsorbed single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)
are applied as sensors to investigate biological systems, with potential applications ranging …

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) nematodes are a powerful model organism for diverse
biological and biomedical studies, benefiting from their genetic similarities to humans, small …

Acetylcholine (ACh) is thought to play a role in driving the rapid, spontaneous brain-state
transitions that occur during wakefulness; however, the spatiotemporal properties of cortical …