Exposure to stress during critical periods in development can have severe long-term
consequences, increasing overall risk on psychopathology. One of the key stress response …

Early experiences critically shape the structure and function of the brain. Perturbations in
typical/species-expected early experiences are known to have profound neural effects …

The links between early life stress (ELS) and the emergence of psychopathology such as
increased anxiety and depression are now well established, although the specific …

In recent years, a growing body of research has shown sex differences in the prevalence
and symptomatology of psychopathologies, such as depression, anxiety, and fear-related …

Early-life stress (ELS) is associated with increased vulnerability to mental disorders. The
basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a critical role in fear conditioning and is extremely …

Human brain development is optimized to learn from environmental cues. The protracted
development of the cortex and its connections with subcortical targets has been argued to …

Animals, including humans, require a highly coordinated and flexible system of social
behavior and threat evaluation. However, trauma can disrupt this system, with the amygdala …

Maintaining multiple items in working memory (WM) is central to human behavior.
Persistently active neurons are thought to be a mechanism to maintain WMs, but it remains …

Fear is an emotion that serves as a driving factor in how organisms move through the world.
In this review, we discuss the current understandings of the subjective experience of fear …

Exploration of novel environments ensures survival and evolutionary fitness. It is expressed
through exploratory bouts and arrests that change dynamically based on experience. Neural …