Bidirectional communication between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the immune
system is a crucial part of an effective but balanced mammalian response to invading …

Because of the compartmentalization of disciplines that shaped the academic landscape of
biology and biomedical sciences in the past, physiological systems have long been studied …

The neuroanatomical basis behind acupuncture practice is still poorly understood. Here, we
used intersectional genetic strategy to ablate NPY+ noradrenergic neurons and/or adrenal …

Contemplative practices, such as meditation and yoga, are increasingly popular among the
general public and as topics of research. Beneficial effects associated with these practices …

Interactions between the nervous and immune systems were recognized long ago, but
recent studies show that this crosstalk occurs more frequently than was previously …

Brain and viscera interplay within the autonomic nervous system where the vagus nerve
(VN), containing approximately 80% afferent and 20% efferent fibres, plays multiple key …

T and B cells express most cholinergic system components—eg, acetylcholine (ACh),
choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase, and both muscarinic and nicotinic …

Although the gastrointestinal (GI) tract possesses intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a
significant degree of autonomy over GI functions, the central nervous system (CNS) provides …

Although the gastrointestinal tract contains intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant
degree of independent control over gastrointestinal functions, the central nervous system …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the immune system are deeply interrelated. The
ANS regulates both innate and adaptive immunity through the sympathetic and …