Phase separation is the thermodynamic process that explains how droplets form in
multicomponent fluids. These droplets can provide controlled compartments to localize …

Phase separation is a ubiquitous process and finds applications in a variety of biological,
organic, and inorganic systems. Nature has evolved the ability to control phase separation to …

Many membraneless organelles are liquid-like domains that form inside the active,
viscoelastic environment of living cells through phase separation. To investigate the …

Biofilms are aggregates of bacterial cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix. Much
progress has been made in studying biofilm growth on solid substrates; however, little is …

Liquid-liquid phase separation is a fundamental mechanism underlying subcellular
organization. Motivated by the striking observation that optogenetically generated droplets in …

We propose a continuum theory of the liquid-liquid phase separation in an elastic network,
where phase-separated microscopic droplets rich in one fluid component can form as an …

In cells, phase-separated liquid condensates interact mechanically with surrounding elastic
networks such as chromatin and cytoskeleton. By considering the trade-offs between elastic …

Biological cells use droplets to separate components and spatially control their interior.
Experiments demonstrate that the complex, crowded cellular environment affects the droplet …

Phase separation of multicomponent liquid mixtures plays an integral part in many
processes ranging from industry to cellular biology. In many cases the morphology of …

Many biomolecular condensates, including transcriptional condensates, are formed in
elastic mediums. In this work, we study the nonequilibrium condensate dynamics in a …