To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Society of Toxicology, this special edition
article reviews the history and current scope of xenobiotic metabolism and transport, with …

In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in
North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene …

Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and
informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to …

The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) are important
nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of cellular responses from exposure to many …

Triclosan (2, 4, 4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxy-diphenyl ether) is an antibacterial compound that
has been used in consumer products for about 40 years. The tolerability and safety of …

The use of structured frameworks can be invaluable in promoting harmonization in the
assessment of chemical risk. IPCS has therefore updated and extended its mode of action …

Several therapeutic agents and industrial chemicals induce liver tumors in rodents through
the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). The cellular …

Abstract The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published a monograph
in 2015 concluding that glyphosate is “probably carcinogenic to humans”(Group 2A) based …

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) at high exposures is a human carcinogen, affecting mainly the
urinary bladder, lung and skin. We present an assessment of the mode of action (MOA) of …

Hepatic enzyme induction is generally an adaptive response associated with increases in
liver weight, induction of gene expression, and morphological changes in hepatocytes. The …