The recent detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) in London (UK) and a case of
paralytic polio in New York (USA) have highlighted how the scourge of poliomyelitis has not …

The timelines for developing vaccines against infectious diseases are lengthy, and often
vaccines that reach the stage of large phase 3 field trials fail to provide the desired level of …

Vaccination with Sabin, a live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), results in robust intestinal
and humoral immunity and has been key to controlling poliomyelitis. As with any RNA virus …

Although there have been no cases of serotype 2 wild poliovirus for more than 20 years,
transmission of serotype 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) and associated paralytic …

Climate change harms health in all populations. 1 Heatrelated illness and deaths are
increasing worldwide, from heatstroke, adverse pregnancy outcomes, worsened kidney …

To address the evolving risk of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2),
Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) partners are working closely with countries to …

Background Novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) was developed by modifying the
Sabin strain to increase genetic stability and reduce risk of seeding new circulating vaccine …

Background Novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) was administered in Liberia in
response to an outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in 2021 …

Background Type 2 circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV2) from Sabin oral
poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) are the leading cause of poliomyelitis. A novel type 2 OPV …

Background The effectiveness of the second BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) mRNA COVID-
19 booster vaccine dose (ie, fourth inoculation) is well established, but its safety has yet to …