Men and women exhibit differences in the development and progression of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). The factors underlying the sex differences in AD are not well understood. This …

Female and male brains differ. Differences begin early during development due to a
combination of genetic and hormonal events and continue throughout the lifespan of an …

Risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with age-related loss of sex steroid
hormones in both women and men. In post-menopausal women, the precipitous depletion of …

Estrogens have direct effects on the brain areas controlling cognition. One of the most
studied of these regions is the dorsal hippocampal formation, which governs the formation of …

The risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher in women than in men, a sex difference that
likely results from the effects of sex steroid hormones. To investigate this relationship, we first …

A promising strategy to delay and perhaps prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to identify the
age-related changes that put the brain at risk for the disease. A significant normal age …

Since its' discovery over 20 years ago, BDNF has been shown to play a key role in neuronal
survival, in promoting neuronal regeneration following injury, regulating transmitter systems …

This review presents evidence for the idea that the expression of estrogen receptor alpha
and beta (ERα and ERβ) interacts with the level of estradiol (E2) to influence the etiology of …

Starting from fetal life, estrogens are crucial in determining central gender dimorphism, and
an estrogen-induced synaptic plasticity is well evident during puberty and seasonal changes …

Although there is now a substantial literature on the putative neuroprotective effects of
estrogen on cognitive functioning in postmenopausal women, it is replete with …