Objective: Surgical activity recognition is a fundamental step in computer-assisted
interventions. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in methods for automatic recognition of …

Purpose Surgery is continuously subject to technological and medical innovations that are
transforming daily surgical routines. In order to gain a better understanding and description …

Objective: State-of-the-art techniques for surgical data analysis report promising results for
automated skill assessment and action recognition. The contributions of many of these …

Background Surgical skill assessment has predominantly been a subjective task. Recently,
technological advances such as robot‐assisted surgery have created great opportunities for …

Background Rising health and financial costs associated with iatrogenic errors have drawn
increasing attention to the dexterity of surgeons. With the advent of new technologies, such …

This paper reports our progress in developing techniques for “parsing” raw motion data from
a simple surgical task into a labeled sequence of surgical gestures. The ability to …

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have explored the effect of fatigue on general
psychomotor proficiency. However, studies specifically addressing the effect of fatigue on …

The reduced access conditions of minimally invasive surgery and therapy (MIST) impair or
completely eliminate the feel of tool—tissue interaction forces. Many researchers have been …

We consider the problem of classifying surgical gestures and skill level in robotic surgical
tasks. Prior work in this area models gestures as states of a hidden Markov model (HMM) …

Background To prevent unnecessary errors and adverse results of laparoscopic surgery,
proper training is of paramount importance. A safe way to train surgeons for laparoscopic …