The landscape of fear (LOF) concept posits that prey navigate spatial heterogeneity in
perceived predation risk, balancing risk mitigation against other activities necessary for …

Animals experience varying levels of predation risk as they navigate heterogeneous
landscapes, and behavioral responses to perceived risk can structure ecosystems. The …

Apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape‐scale impacts
across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although …

Rapid expansion of human activity has driven well-documented shifts in the spatial
distribution of wildlife, but the cumulative effect of human disturbance on the temporal …

A growing body of literature has documented myriad effects of human activities on animal
behaviour, yet the ultimate ecological consequences of these behavioural shifts remain …

An understanding of animal behaviour is important if conservation initiatives are to be
effective. However, quantifying the behaviour of wild animals presents significant …

Lions have long been perceived as Africa's, if not the world's, most fearsome terrestrial
predator, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 the" king of beasts". Wildlife's fear of humans may, however …

Human activity and land use change impact every landscape on Earth, driving declines in
many animal species while benefiting others. Species ecological and life history traits may …

Human impacts on wildlife stem from both our footprint on the landscape and the presence
of people in wildlife habitat. Each may influence wildlife at very different spatial and temporal …

Human–wildlife interactions, including human–wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as
expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter …