The outbreaks of infectious diseases that spread across countries have generally existed for
centuries. An example is the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which led to …

This book presents information about the use of technology to support the prevention and
management of drug safety issues: pharmacovigilance (PV), medication errors, drug-related …

Background Effective vaccine management is essential to maintain the quality of vaccines,
minimise wastages, and prevent missed opportunities for vaccination at service delivery …

Cyclodextrins, a family of cyclic oligosaccharides, have received considerable interest in the
field of pharmaceuticals due to their unique molecular structure and versatile properties. In …

Background Upon the authorization of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide, national and
international standards were developed to help integrate mass COVID-19 immunization …

Vaccines are sensitive to temperature, so storage temperatures above 8° C (frozen
temperature-sensitive vaccine) or below-25° C (heat-sensitive vaccine) will damage the …

Background: Vaccines are the only essential commodities that required their own specific
supply chain system with storage of 2 C to 8 C. It is critical that they should be kept at …

A vaccine is a material administered to an individual to boost their immune system's
resistance against infection. Diseases that can be prevented by vaccination can be …

Public health is considered to be one of the most promising branches in the development of
economy, as it represents the fundamental element of national security and healthcare …

The field of patient safety and drug safety is rapidly evolving, driven by advances in
technology. From artificial intelligence and blockchain to wearable devices and precision …