Immunopolymorphism is considered as an important aspect behind the resistance or
susceptibility of the host to an infectious disease. Over the years, researchers have explored …

The cytokine storm has captured the attention of the public and the scientific community
alike, and while the general notion of an excessive or uncontrolled release of …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important part in the innate immune recognition of
invading microorganisms, initiating sufficient immune responses. Growing amounts of data …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) have TIR intracellular
domains that engage two main signaling pathways, via the TIR-containing adaptors MyD88 …

Diseases of the respiratory tract are among the leading causes of death in the world
population. Increasing evidence points to a key role of the innate immune system with its …

While studies in animal models have linked Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling to kidney
injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion, the relevance of TLR4 activation to allograft …

Bio-aerosols are airborne particles that are living (bacteria, viruses and fungi) or originate
from living organisms. Their presence in air is the result of dispersal from a site of …

The outcome of sepsis and septic shock has not significantly improved in recent decades
despite the development of numerous drugs and supportive care therapies. To reduce …

Although several lines of evidence suggest that variation in human inflammation is
genetically controlled, the genes which regulate these responses are largely unknown …

Inflammation is a key feature in the pathogenesis of sepsis and acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). Sepsis and ARDS continue to be associated with high mortality. A key …