All organisms have a stress response system to cope with environmental threats, yet its
precise form varies hugely within and across individuals, populations, and species. While …

There is growing interest in studying hormones beyond single 'snapshot'measurements, as
recognition that individual variation in the endocrine response to environmental change may …

Rates of human-induced environmental change continue increasing with human population
size, potentially altering animal physiology and negatively affecting wildlife. Researchers …

Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones are important phenotypic mediators across vertebrates, but
their circulating concentrations can vary markedly. Here we investigate macroevolutionary …

The bi-directional links between hormones and behavior have been a rich area of research
for decades. Theory on the evolution of testosterone (T) was greatly advanced by the …

Parental care is assumed to be costly in that it requires sustained, high-intensity activity
sufficient to cause costs of reproduction (decreased survival and future fecundity of parents) …

Steroids play a crucial role in modulating brain and behavior. While traditionally it is thought
that the brain is a target of sex steroids produced in endocrine glands (eg gonads), the brain …

After twenty years of studies of endocrine traits in animals living in cities, the field of urban
endocrinology has built a robust literature including numerous studies looking for signatures …

Information theory has been applied productively across biology, but it has been used
minimally in endocrinology. Here, we advocate for the integration of information theory into …

As cities expand across the globe, understanding factors that underlie variation in urban
tolerance is vital for predicting changes in patterns of biodiversity. Endocrine traits, like …