Currently, gray hydrogen and blue hydrogen are widely recognized as renewable energy,
but in reality, they are made from fossil fuels. The most important task to achieve the …

A sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) is a system in which MFC is applied to a sediment
layer of an aqueous system for water purification. SMFCs can remove contaminants from …

MFC research has been conducted enormously in the last decade, and their electrochemical
data has been accumulated enormously. Although reproducible measurement method and …

Activated carbon (AC) is an inexpensive catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in the air
cathode of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, since the electrochemical catalytic activity …

In sediment microbial fuel cells soil microbes are responsible for bioremediation by
degradation of pollutants present in it. The microbial metabolism produces bioelectricity in …

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a common antibiotic, is commonly used to treat urinary tract
infections and intestine infections caused by sensitive bacteria. Water pollution is …

As climate change progresses rapidly, unprecedented weather and natural changes are
occurring. After carbon dioxide was identified as the main culprit of global warming and …

As the COVID-19 pandemic and interest in the virtual world rapidly increase, the data usage
in the current society is rapidly increasing to an unprecedented level, and the need for …

Korea consumes a large amount of energy. Korea is vulnerable to energy security due to its
high dependence on energy imports. The amount of waste generated in South Korea is …

Environmental issues are the biggest issues in modern society. Among them, the
development of technologies to solve the chain of environmental problems caused by …