Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and
are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus …

Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the
diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be …

Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop
productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in …

Cold stress restricts plant growth, development, and distribution. Understanding how plants
transduce and respond to cold signals has long been a topic of interest. Traditional genetic …

Light is important for plants as an energy source and a developmental signal, but it can also
cause stress to plants and modulates responses to stress. Excess and fluctuating light result …

Stomata, the microscopic pores surrounded by a pair of guard cells on the surfaces of leaves
and stems, play an essential role in regulating the gas exchange between a plant and the …

Light-emitting diode (LED) technology has rapidly advanced the past years and it is
nowadays irrevocably linked with controlled-environment agriculture (CEA). We provide …

Background Agricultural production in controlled indoor farming offers a reliable alternative
to food and nutrition supply for densely populated cities and contributes to addressing the …

Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that mediate photoresponses in plants. The
genomes of most land plants encode two clades of cryptochromes, CRY1 and CRY2, which …

Red and blue light are both vital factors for plant growth and development. We examined
how different ratios of red light to blue light (R/B) provided by light-emitting diodes affected …