We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research
groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common …

Experimental evolution is the study of evolutionary processes occurring in experimental
populations in response to conditions imposed by the experimenter. This research approach …

Trade-offs and constraints are inherent to life, and studies of these phenomena play a
central role in both organismal and evolutionary biology. Trade-offs can be defined …

Gut bacteria can affect key aspects of host fitness, such as development, fecundity, and
lifespan, while the host, in turn, shapes the gut microbiome. However, it is unclear to what …

Reports of declines in abundance and biomass of insects and other invertebrates from
around the world have raised concerns about food limitation that could have profound …

A major challenge in current biology is to understand the genetic basis of variation for
quantitative traits. We review the principles of quantitative trait locus mapping and …

Many species face extinction risks owing to climate change, and there is an urgent need to
identify which species' populations will be most vulnerable. Plasticity in heat tolerance …

Evolutionary biology provides a crucial foundation for medicine and behavioral science that
has been missing from psychiatry. Its absence helps to explain slow progress; its advent …

Enormous progress in mapping complex traits in humans has been made in the last 5 yr.
There has been early success for prevalent diseases with complex phenotypes. These …

Animal personality traits such as boldness, activity and aggressiveness have been
described for many animal species. However, why some individuals are consistently bolder …