In the past 100 years, external beam energy for the treatment of cancer has continually
evolved. Two main modes have been developed. The first is radiotherapy which involves …

This paper presents an active realization of fraction order Butterworth lowpass filter using a
differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) and two fractance devices (FDs). Initially, the …

Aim In this study, we investigated initial electron parameters of Siemens Artiste Linac with
6MV photon beam using the Monte Carlo method. Background It is essential to define all the …

Abstract Objective: The Monte Carlo (MC) technique can accurately model any linear
accelerator where accurate details about the treatment head and the incident electron beam …

Purpose Monte Carlo (MC) commissioning of medical linear accelerator (LINAC) is a time-
consuming process involving a comparison between measured and simulated cross …

Monte Carlo (MC) techniques are regarded as an accurate method to simulate the dose
calculation in radiotherapy for many years. The present paper aims to validate the simulated …

Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and the leading cause of death in Spain
[1]. Radiotherapy plays an important role in cancer treatment with approximately 50% of all …

Introduction With the advance in radiotherapy delivery, the need for a method allowing for a
precise dose calculation increased. Monte Carlo modelling of radiotherapy dosages has …

Monte Carlo (MC) is widely recognized as the most accurate method for dosimetry analysis
in radiotherapy due to its precision. However, successful MC dose calculation hinges upon …

Introduction: EGSnrc software package is one of the computational packages for Monte
Carlo simulation in radiation therapy and has several subset codes. Directional …